Gum Disease: Causes, Effects, and Treatment
Gum disease is inflammation and infection of the gums and bone. Generally caused by bacterial plaque, it is the major cause of adult tooth loss. Left untreated, bacterial plaque will harden to tartar. Tartar is a rough, porous mineral buildup that is usually yellow or brown in color. Tartar forms at and underneath the gum line, and because it is porous, it absorbs stains. Tartar and plaque excrete toxins that cause gum inflammation, resulting in the development of periodontal pockets that hold even more toxins and bacteria. This condition can leads to the loosening of the teeth. And as the condition worsens, the accumulated toxins and bacteria move deeper into the jaw to destroy the bone that holds the tooth in place.
Signs of gum disease can include:
- Red, inflamed gums
- Bleeding while brushing or flossing
- Receding gums
- Loose or separating teeth
- Presence pus between the gum and tooth
- Chronic halitosis
Periodontics is the focus in treatment of gum disease. Gum disease is reversible if caught while in the early stages. The dentist or hygienist will scale the tooth to remove plaque and tarter, and make the tooth root smooth again. Advanced cases may require the dentist to surgically trim the gums to remove the hardened plaque build-up and re-contour the damaged bone.
What Happens if My Gum Disease Goes Untreated?
The early signs of gum disease can be mild and easily overlooked, but if left untreated, it can lead to painful, unsightly, and costly oral health issues. You may experience discomfort while chewing, see your gums receding (which can make your teeth appear longer), or even face loose or missing teeth.
These dental problems are just the beginning; gum disease can also affect your overall health. The bacteria associated with periodontitis can enter your bloodstream through the affected gums, potentially leading to serious health complications elsewhere in the body. Additionally, individuals with gum disease may struggle with conditions like diabetes, heart disease, and more.
Who is a candidate for Gum Disease Treatment?
Gum disease treatments are suitable for most patients. Healthy gums should be pale pink, firm, and fit snugly around the base of each tooth. If your gums do not meet these criteria, you may qualify for treatments to improve your oral health. Signs that you might need gum disease treatment include:
- Swollen or puffy gums
- Red or purple gum tissue
- Tender gums
- Gums that bleed easily
- Persistent bad breath
- Receding gum tissue
Treating Gum Disease
There are two types of gum disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is characterized by tender gums that bleed easily and can often be treated by increasing the frequency of dental hygiene appointments. Our team may also recommend medicated mouthwash to enhance your at-home oral care routine and prevent further infection.
Periodontitis is a more advanced form of gum disease and may present symptoms such as chronic bad breath, loose teeth, pus between teeth, and a persistent unpleasant taste in the mouth. Treatment for periodontitis typically involves scaling and root planing or laser gum therapy. These procedures effectively remove bacteria and plaque from below the gum line, eliminating the infection and protecting the long-term health of your teeth and gums.